Lawa madivayisi ahlanganisa amakhamera, amamakrofoni, izici ze-AI, kanye nomklamo obukeka njengezibuko zamehlo ezivamile, okuvumela ukuthwebula ngomsindo/ividiyo kwabagqokile nababukele . Izimpikiswano zanda phakathi kuka-2025-2026 ngokuphenya, amacala, izinyathelo zomthetho, imibiko yokusetshenziswa kabi, kanye nokukhathazeka ngamakhono okubona ubuso ahleliwe noma afakiwe.

Izingozi Zobumfihlo Nokuqapha Kwababukeli

Inkinga eyinhloko ukuthi izibuko zingaqopha abantu abangenayo indlela ewusizo yokuvuma noma abaziyo ukuthi bayaqoshwa. Isikhombisi esincane se-LED sihloselwe ukukhombisa uma ikhamera isebenza, kodwa sivame ukuba lufifi, kunzima ukukubona kusuka ema-engeli athile, noma simbozwe kalula/siphazamiseke. Abalawuli (kufaka phakathi igunya lokuvikela idatha laseHamburg) kanye namaqembu obumfihlo bathole ukuthi abantu ababukele ngokuvamile abakwazi ukubona ukuqoshwa kusetshenziswa okuvamile.

Lokhu kudala ingozi eqhubekayo yokubhekwa ngasese ezindaweni zomphakathi, ezindaweni zokusebenza, emakhaya, ezindlini zangasese, ezindaweni zokushintsha, ezibhedlela, ezikoleni, nakwezinye izilungiselelo ezibucayi. Ukuqoshwa kungafaka ubuso, amazwi, izingxoxo, imininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu, kanye nezikhathi zokusondelana. Abagqokile bangase futhi baqalise izici ze-AI (isb., “Hey Meta”) ezithumela idatha yomsindo neyokubukwayo kumaseva e-Meta. Izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zivame ukungenisa imidiya kuhlelo lokusebenza oluhambisanayo kanye nefu, nedatha yezwi igcinwa ngaphandle kokuthi isuswe ngesandla.

Ukuhlaziywa kweYurophu ngaphansi kwe-GDPR kuphethe ngokuthi abagqokile bangalahlekelwa ukuvikelwa “kokukhululwa komndeni” lapho beqopha abantu besithathu emphakathini noma befaka idatha ezinhlelweni ze-AI, okungenzeka ukuthi kwenze ogqokile abe ngumlawuli wedatha onezibopho zomthetho. Imikhuba ye-Meta yokudlulisa idatha yabantu ababukele ukuze kucutshungulwe i-AI iphawulwe njengengenaso isisekelo esicacile esisemthethweni ezimweni eziningi.

Ukusetshenziswa Kabi: Ukuhlukumeza, Ukulandelwa, kanye “Nezingilazi Eziphambeneyo”

Amacala aqoshiwe afaka phakathi abantu (abavame ukuchazwa kwabezindaba ngokuthi “abaculi abathuthayo” noma abahlukumezi) abasondela kwabesifazane emphakathini, beqopha ngasese ukuxhumana nezibuko, futhi bethumela ividiyo ku-inthanethi ngaphandle kwemvume—ngezinye izikhathi ku-TikTok noma ku-Instagram, lapho amavidiyo athola khona izithameli eziningi. I-BBC kanye nolunye uphenyo luqokomise ama-akhawunti athumela amashumi noma amakhulu ama-clip anjalo. Ukukhathazeka okufanayo kudlulela ekulandeleni, ukululaza ukuqopha, kanye nokuxhashazwa kwezentengiselwano kwamarekhodi angavunyelwene.

I-Meta iphendule ngokuthola nokukhubaza amakhamera ezinkulungwaneni zamadivayisi aphazamisekile (okulinganiselwa ukuthi <0.1% wamayunithi athengisiwe, izinkulungwane zinikezwe ukuthengiswa kwamayunithi ayizigidi eziningi), ikhipha i-firmware evimbela ikhono lesithombe/levidiyo uma i-LED ivinjiwe noma ibhujiswa, isusa okuqukethwe okuthile okuhlukumezayo ku-Instagram, futhi iqhuba imikhankaso yokuqwashisa. Abagxeki baphawula ukuthi ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kusavumela ukubanjwa okulula okuyimfihlo nokuthi ukuphoqelelwa kuncike ekutholakaleni ngemva kweqiniso. Izindawo, izindawo zokusebenza, kanye nezinye izikhungo ziye zavala noma zavimbela izibuko.

Amaqembu okumela axwayisa ngokuthi ukwengeza ukubonwa kobuso ngesikhathi sangempela (okuxoxwa ngaphakathi ngokuthi “Ithegi Legama”) kuzokwenza lezi zingozi zibe zimbi kakhulu. Kungavumela umuntu ogqokile ukuthi akhombe abantu angabazi buthule (okungase kufane namaphrofayili e-Meta noma oxhumana nabo esidlangalaleni), okuvumela abalandeleli, abahlukumezi, abakhohlisi, noma abanye ukuthi bathole amagama kanye nedatha yomuntu siqu exhunyiwe. Izinhlangano ezingaphezu kuka-70 (kufaka phakathi i-ACLU, i-EPIC, kanye nabameli bobudlova basekhaya/i-LGBTQ+/abafuduki) banxuse i-Meta ukuthi iyiyeke, becaphuna izingozi zokuhlukumeza abasindile, abokufika, ababhikishi, nabanye abathembele ekungaziwa okungokoqobo emphakathini. Kubikwa ukuthi ikhodi ehlobene nokubonwa kobuso ivele kuhlelo lokusebenza oluhambisanayo (kamuva isusiwe ngemuva kokubika), iphakamisa ukukhathazeka noma ngabe lesi sici asizange sivunyelwe ngokugcwele kubasebenzisi.

Ukuphathwa Kwedatha, Ukuqeqeshwa Kwe-AI, kanye Nokufinyelela Kwabakhi

Izithombe nomsindo ovela ezingilazini kungalayishwa ezinhlelweni zeMeta. Uphenyo (kufaka phakathi amaphephandaba aseSweden) luthole ukuthi osonkontileka bezinkampani zangaphandle (isib., ezinkampanini zaseKenya) babuyekeze futhi bachaza okuqukethwe okungavuthiwe komsebenzisi/izibuko zokuqeqeshwa kwe-AI. Izisebenzi zichaze ukubona abantu ezindlini zangasese, bekhumula izingubo, beya ocansini, izinombolo zamakhadi esikweletu, nezinye izinto ezibucayi. Ubuso babungabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngendlela ethembekile. Icala lesenzo sekilasi lisola iMeta ngokukhohlisa abathengi ngokumaketha lezi zingilazi ngokuthi “zenzelwe ubumfihlo” futhi “zilawulwa nguwe” ngenkathi ithumela njalo idatha eyimfihlo yokubuyekezwa kwabantu kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwemodeli ngaphandle kokudalulwa noma imvume eyanele.

Lokhu kudala izingozi zesibili: ukwephulwa kwedatha, ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe, ukwebiwa kobunikazi, ukulimala kwedumela, kanye nokufinyelela okungenzeka kukahulumeni noma komthetho. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhamera atholakala njalo eduze kwamehlo/izindlebe zomuntu ogqokile kanye nokucubungula amafu kuguqula amadivayisi omuntu abe yimizila yokuqapha engaba khona. Uphenyo lwe-Texas AG kanye nezinye izivivinyo zigxile kulezi zindlela zokumelwa kanye nezingozi zokuqoqwa kobuso nejiyomethri.

Imiphumela Yezomthetho, Yokulawula, kanye Neyezikhungo

Amacala amaningi ase-US kanye nophenyo lwe-AG (isb., iTexas) ahlola izimangalo zobumfihlo, imikhuba yedatha, kanye nezingozi ze-biometric.
Abalawuli baseYurophu (uHamburg nabanye) bakhiphe imibiko ebucayi; amanye amaqembu aseJalimane alandele izikhalazo zobugebengu bephikisana ngokuthi la madivayisi aphula imithetho emelene nemishini yokuqopha efihliwe.
Abagqokile ngokwabo bangabhekana necala lokuqopha okungavunyelwene ngaphansi kwemithetho yendawo (ukuxhumana nge-inthanethi, ubumfihlo, ukuhlukunyezwa, imithetho yesitayela se-GDPR).
Izibhedlela nezindawo zokunakekelwa kwempilo zibhekene nezingozi eziphezulu ze-HIPAA/PHI ngoba la madivayisi awabonakali futhi awaphathwa; ukukhathazeka okufanayo kuyasebenza ezikoleni, ezinkantolo, ezindaweni zokusebenza nasezikhungweni eziphephile.
Izinzuzo zokufinyeleleka (isb., kubasebenzisi abayizimpumputhe noma abangaboni kahle) zikhona futhi zikhuthazwa yi-Meta, okuhlanganisa neminikelo, kodwa abameli baphawula ukuthi izicelo zokuqashelwa kobuso ezivela kulowo mphakathi zisaphakamisa ukuhweba okubanzi komphakathi.

Impilo, Ukuphepha, kanye Nezinye Izingozi Ezingokoqobo

Izinkinga zempilo ngokuvamile zincane futhi azinamandla kakhulu kunezinkinga zobumfihlo kodwa zisabalulekile:

Ukucindezeleka kwamehlo, amehlo omile, ukukhathala, isiyezi esincane, noma ukungakhululeki ngenxa yokuguga isikhathi eside noma ukubonakala eduze kwamehlo (lapho kukhona).
Izinto ezingaba khona ezibangela ukuquleka okuvela kokuqukethwe/amaphethini athile abonakalayo (izixwayiso ze-AR/zokubonisa ezijwayelekile).
Izingxenye ze-magnetic/EMF ezingaphazamisa ngokwesayensi amadivayisi ezokwelapha (ama-pacemaker, njll.).
I-Bluetooth/Wi-Fi eqhubekayo eduze kwekhanda iphakamisa imibuzo yesikhathi eside ye-EMF, yize amazinga e-SAR alinganisiwe abikwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele yemithetho.
Imingcele yebhethri kanye ne-form-factor ithinta ukusetshenziswa kahle; ukungakhululeki ngokomzimba ekhaleni/ezindlebeni kuvamile kunoma yiziphi izibuko.

Izingozi zokuphepha zifaka phakathi ukugenca isixhumanisi sohlelo lokusebenza/sefoni esihambisanayo (ukudalula indawo, imidiya egciniwe, noma iziqinisekiso) kanye nokuvuza kolwazi lwebhizinisi oluyimfihlo uma lugqokwe ezindaweni ezibucayi.

Imiphumela Ebanzi Yezenhlalo Nezenhlalo

Ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwenza amakhamera atholakala njalo ekuxhumaneni kwansuku zonke komphakathi abe yinto evamile, okungase kuphazamise ukuziphatha komphakathi okuzenzakalelayo, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane, abantu abancane, izishoshovu, noma noma ubani okhathazekile ngokuqoshwa nokutholakala. Kushintsha okuzenzakalelayo kusuka “ekungaziwani okungokoqobo phakathi kwabantu ongabazi” kuye ekubanjweni nasekuhlaziyweni okuqhubekayo okungenzeka. Izingane kanye namaqembu angavumelani aphakamisa izinkinga eziqinile zemvume nokugcinwa. Umlando we-Meta wezingxabano zobumfihlo wandisa ukungathembani; inkampani ithathe izinyathelo ezithile zobuchwepheshe kodwa ibhekene nokugxekwa okuqhubekayo kokuthi izinketho zokuklama zibeka phambili ikhono kanye nedatha kunokuvikela okuqinile kwabaqaphi.

Ngamafuphi, izingozi eziyinhloko zigxile ekuqopheni okungavunyelwene ngakho kanye nokusetshenziswa kwaleyo datha (ukuqeqeshwa kwe-AI, ukuhlonza, ukushicilelwa, noma ukusetshenziswa kabi), okwandiswa yizinkomba ezingaphelele, ukuthembela emafini, kanye nokubukeka kwansuku zonke kwezibuko. Ukunciphisa kukhona futhi kuyaqhubeka nokuguquka, kodwa ukungezwani okuyisisekelo phakathi kokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nobumfihlo akukaxazululwa kuzo zonke izinhlelo zomthetho kanye nombono womphakathi. Abasebenzisi kanye nababukele kufanele baphathe amadivayisi njengakwazi ukuthwebula okungaphezu kwalokho okusobala ngokushesha, futhi izikhungo ziya ngokuya ziwaphatha njengobuchwepheshe obunqunyelwe ezimweni ezibucayi.